Aims: Improvements in nanotechnology in the past decayed has created various opportunities for evaluation of biologic effects such as anti-bacterial effects of NANOPARTICLES. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of CALCIUM CARBONATE NANOPARTICLES on two different bacteria including Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Staphylococcus aureus.Methods: The antibacterial effect of CALCIUM CARBONATE NANOPARTICLES against mentioned bacteria was evaluated by dilution in agar containing medium and dilution in Broth medium. Each of prepared Broth Media (10 ml) was inoculated with 1 ml of bacterial suspension (106 CFU/ml) and incubated. Sampling of culture Media was performed in specific intervals and diluted as 10-1, to 10-6. Then 100 ml of each sample was transferred to agar plates and was spread carefully and then incubated. Grown colonies were counted and MIC and MBC was determined.Results: CALCIUM CARBONATE NANOPARTICLES showed very good antibacterial effect and after 16 hours the bacteria were totally diminished. The lowest and highest MIC concentration of these NANOPARTICLES in solid medium was 31.2 and 125 mg/ml respectively. The MIC of CALCIUM CARBONATE NANOPARTICLES in Broth Medium was two times more than the MIC concentration in solid medium, while different concentrations of ordinary CALCIUM CARBONATE not only revealed antibacterial effects but also supported the bacterial growth.Conclusion: Use of CALCIUM CARBONATE NANOPARTICLES as an anti-microbial agent is recommended in different fields of medicine, food industry and agriculture and can be of importance considering health and economic issues.

In this study, nitrile rubber (NBR)/CaCO3 nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing method. The effect of CALCIUM CARBONATE NANOPARTICLES as an effective agent in reinforcement of swelling resistance of nitrile rubber was investigated. Transport of aromatic solvents through prepared nanocomposites were investigated by equilibrium swelling test at different temperatures. The Diffusion of benzene and toluene through these nanocomposites were studied with respect to the effect of the nano particles concentration and temperature on transport process. The transport parameters such as diffusion coefficient, permeation and sorption coefficients and mechanism of solvent transport and also thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, entropy, enthalpy and activation energy of diffusion and permeation were calculated from the equilibrium swelling test information. The microstructure and dispersion of CALCIUM CARBONATE NANOPARTICLES in nitrile rubber matrix was studied by scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that there was a consistency between microstructure of nanocomposite and experimental results. The results showed that the concentration of NANOPARTICLES in nanocomposites had an important role in determination of the values of diffusion coefficient, sorption and permeation. By increasing the amount of NANOPARTICLES, final swelling of nanocomposite and the rate of solvent diffusion decreased. It seems that improvements in swelling resistance of nitrile rubber is possible by an optimum concentration of CALCIUM CARBONATE NANOPARTICLES.

CALCIUM CARBONATE is one of the most essential minerals with multiple applications in diverse food, pharmaceutical, chemical, plastic, and paper industries that is generated by the press, mangle, deposition, and classification. In the simulation process mentioned in this research study, a mathematical model was provided to obtain dryer yield information. According to different methods of preparation and purification of this material, spray dryers are at the end of the process as dry goods market or required properties. For this reason, the first Kinetic of the material drying obtained through the experiment and the momentum equations of suspended particles in the air, particle path differential equations in three dimensions, Reynolds number, heat, and mass transfer coefficients and then calculate the mass and energy balance for presenting a mathematical model has combined, for discover the accuracy of the model, the results compared with practical experiments. A concurrent spray dryer used in the laboratory and a computer programming language (MATLAB) were presented to compare the results of its execution with the experimental results to assess the software’s accuracy.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a life threatening disease. One of the important etiologies of osteoporosis is low CALCIUM intake from daily dietary intakes, making CALCIUM salt administration in pharmacological form or as a food additive highly recommendable as a protective mechanism againt this disease, especially in women. CALCIUM acetate is a water soluble agent whereas CALCIUM CARBONATE (which is routinely used in pharmacological forms of CALCIUM salts) is not easily dissolved in water; hence we decided to compare the bioavailability of CALCIUM CARBONATE to that of CALCIUM acetate.Material and methods: During a clinical trial study, 20 normal female volunteers with the appropriate inclusion criteria were enrolled. On the day of study, fasting urine specimens were collected from all subjects, and 2 hours after a meal, a solution of CALCIUM CARBONATE was administered to all participants and then, again, urine specimens were collected after 4 hours. After a 10 day washout period, this test was repeated with CALCIUM acetate. The results were analyzed with paired t test.Results: The mean increase in urine CALCIUM was 38.55 ± 6.1 mg and 36.33 ± 6.14 mg after administration of CALCIUM CARBONATE or CALCIUM acetate respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between CALCIUM absorption from CALCIUM CARBONATE and CALCIUM acetate.Conclusion: Regarding the beneficial effects of CALCIUM acetate as a soluble salt, in comparison with CALCIUM CARBONATE and based on the results of this study indicating the similarity in CALCIUM absorption from these two salts, CALCIUM acetate can be administered as an appropriate substance for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Indeed it can be used in enriching the liquid comestibles.

Background: Caseous Lymphadenitis (CLA) is an important bacterial disease in goats, caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The disease is highly prevalent worldwide and causes significant economic losses to the cattle industry. Currently, the treatment of this disease with antibiotics remains largely unsuccessful due to the nature of the bacteria and the resultant resistance to the drugs. Methods: Thirty apparently healthy female BALB/c mice, aged 5-6 weeks old were used to assess the efficacy of oxytetracycline loaded in CALCIUM CARBONATE nanoparticle (OTC-CSCaCO3NP) and toxicity of CALCIUM CARBONATE nanoparticle (CS-CaCO3NP). The mice were randomly divided into five groups of six each and were exposed to the following treatments: Group 1: received sterile distilled water,Group 2: received 0. 2 ml C. pseudotuberculosis,Group 3: received 0. 2 ml C. pseudotuberculosis and 10mg/kg OTC,Group 4: was given 0. 2 ml C. pseudotuberculosis and 10mg/kg OTC-CS-CaCO3NP,and Group 5: was administered 20mg/kg CS-CaCO3NP. Results: The clinical signs of infection with C. pseudotuberculosis in the mice were significantly reduced after treatment with OTC-CS-CaCO3NP. The haematology results showed an insignificant reduction in the mean RBC count, Hb and haematocrit levels in Group 2 (infected controls) compared to the mice treated with oxytetracycline loaded NANOPARTICLES. The biochemical analyses revealed no significant changes among the treatment groups. No histopathological lesions were found in the organs of the mice, treated with 20mg/kg CSCaCO 3NP, suggesting the absence of toxicity in vivo. Conclusion: The results from this study indicate the potentials of OTC-CS-CaCO3NP as becoming a nano-antibiotic formulation for the treatment of caseous lymphadenitis infection in mice.